herbert bayer: bauhaus master marks the centenary of the founding of the bauhaus in weimer, germany, in 1919 and features rare works by the groundbreaking 20th-century graphic designer herbert bayer. on view in the second-floor permanent collection galleries. the exhibition follows bayer’s role as both student and teacher at the bauhaus, as well as his illustrious career in the united states following his 1938 emigration.
“as the founding of the bauhaus is being fêted across the globe this year, this powerful and focused exhibition will draw from cooper hewitt’s unique holdings—bolstered by a trove of more than 500 pieces acquired in 2015,” said caroline baumann, director of the museum. “the exhibition offers new insights and scholarship on this bauhaus leader who helped shape the discourse of modern graphic design.”
born in austria and active in germany and the u.s., bayer (1900–1985) helped define a new language of graphic design suited to modern life during his years at the bauhaus. charting his stylistic shifts and theoretical contributions, “herbert bayer: bauhaus master” highlights bayer’s interest in typography and photography, design theory, information design, fashion and beauty, and poster design as well as his corporate work.
becoming one of the most influential graphic designers of his time, bayer applied the school’s theories to commercial practice and promoted its legacy to the public. in addition to contributing to the rational new typography movement of the 1920s, he created a hyperreal illustration style for use in infographics and advertising. he had an enormous impact on institutions in the u.s., including the aspen institute for humanistic studies, where he activated the bauhaus ideal of total design to architecture, landscape and graphics.
“herbert bayer: bauhaus master” will feature information graphics, books, advertising, posters, ephemera and magazine layouts for diverse clients. many of the works on view will be drawn from a recent acquisition of more than 500 pieces documenting bayer’s career in the u.s., made possible through a gift to cooper hewitt from the taub foundation. key works from the bauhaus period are on loan from the collection of merrill c. berman.
the exhibition is organized by ellen lupton, senior curator of contemporary design, cooper hewitt.
what is the difference between art and design? i think it comes down to function. design can have many functions, whereas art has one single function. the function of art.
the question of what’s the difference between art and design often comes up at art expositions, perfect launchpads for such a confabulation. in this instance, DesignApplause submits that architecture, design, and engineering are one and the same.
> “what is the difference between art and design? as it applies to graphic design, i will say that the difference between art and design or artist and designers, is expression vs communication. … expression is about the artist and their view, design is about the audience and viewer. expression can be abstract and intangible but design has to be clear for the most part.” ~ anonymous
> “when one attempts to define art, there will be an artist to prove it wrong. ‘art is beautiful’ art becomes ugly. ‘art is emotional’ art becomes emotionless. ‘art is form’ art becomes idea. that’s the problem, art will always shatter definitions.
having said that, i will ignore my own advice and take a crack. i think it comes down to function. design can have many functions, whereas art has one single function. the function of art. digging deeper, the art concept can be portrayed in many different ways. the function of art isn’t singular, its endless.
so design is applied art? or maybe an eames chair is a design object when you’re trying to sell it or sit in it, and an art object when you’re observing it, etc. ~ anonymous
DesignApplause asked galleries if their artists in this show pursued any architectural or design studies in their background. 25 of 39 (64%) galleries point out the following:
patrona alta / oscar niemeyer / bergamin & gomide (sao paulo) – booth 311 / 1971
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above > a fake history of humanity / octavio abúndez / galeria curro (guadadalajara) – booth 101 / 2019
galeria curro‘s proposal deals with knowledge and its representation and reception throughout the history of art and science. octavio abúndez’s new painting project a fake history of humanity offers alternative versions of history to our post-truth era, while deconstructing and creating a tribute relationship with the richter’s color charts. octavia is an architect.
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above > holiday greetings / herbert bayer / stephen daiter gallery (chicago) – booth 143 / 1941
above > the measure of man: a study in perspective / herbert bayer / stephen daiter gallery (chicago) – booth 143 / 1940
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above > coffee table ‘megalith in motion’ / david libeskind / david gill gallery (london) – booth 105 / 2018
above > highway with mountain / theaster gates / richard gray gallery (chicago) – booth 139 / 2019
theaster gates is a chicago social practice installation artist, designer with a b.s degree in urban planning and ceramics.
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above > we hold these truths / bob faust / kavi gupta (chicago) – booth 121 / 2019
bob faust is a chicago graphic designer.
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above > chair ‘abrigo’ / mameluca studio (rio de janeiro, miami, new york) – booth 440 / mercado moderno / 2019
above > cafofo / mameluca studio (rio de janeiro, miami, new york) – booth 440 / mercado moderno / 2015
gallery mercado moderno is based in rio de janeiro, miami and new york. founded in 2001 by alberto vicente and marcelo vasconcellos, mercado moderno is a gallery dedicated to brazilian design from the 1950s to 80s and contemporary design-art.
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above > untitled / richard koppe (1916-1973) / richard norton gallery (chicago) – booth 275 / 1951
above > postcard of chicago restaurant well of the sea
richard was the first design student for lazlo moholy-nagy at the new bauhaus chicago. he later turned to painting and some interior design where he created murals and chandeliers for a famous chicago restaurant well of the sea.
dannielle is chicago artist integrating languages of architecture, planning and design, and urban construction. inspired by her father who was a pipe fitter in commercial architecture.
above> sculpture class in school of design / 610 fairbanks chicago / c 1940
serendipity: the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for…
this article intends to provoke an ongoing conversation re chicago’s design history. let’s begin with a philosophy of “one must look back to move forward” and with elements necessary to this narrative — in chronological order… bauhaus movement, lászló moholy-nagy, new bauhaus in chicago, the chicago design archive, and chicago designer steve liska. an aside, this year, iit institute of design is celebrating the 80th anniversary of its founding as the new bauhaus.
[ bauhaus movement /// weimar/dessau germany ] the historical bauhaus is the most influential educational establishment in the fields of architecture, art and design. founded 1919 in weimar germany by architect walter gropius as a school that combined crafts and the fine arts, it was famous for an approach to design which it publicized and taught. the school closed in 1933 when the nazis came to power in germany.
the bauhaus can still be felt today, essentially characterizing the image of german design abroad. architects, designers and artists associated with the bauhaus include: alvar aalto, josef albers, herbert bayer, charles and ray eames, eileen gray, johannes itten, walter jacobsen, wassily kandinsky, paul klee, le corbusier, laszlo moholy-nagy, george nelson, isamu noguchi, eero saarinen, frank lloyd wright and mies van der rohe.
above> in 1907 belgian architect henry van de velde founded the school of arts and crafts in weimar germany / 1919 he invites walter gropius to move in who starts the state bauhaus
[ lászló moholy-nagy, a new bauhaus school /// chicago usa ] also known as moholy – a hungarian experimental artist, modernist, and former faculty at the parent bauhaus in dessau comes to chicago. in 1937, at the invitation of walter paepcke, the chairman of the container corporation of america, moholy-nagy, moved to chicago to become the director of the new bauhaus. the philosophy of the school was basically unchanged from that of the original.
unfortunately, the school lost its financial backing and it closed in 1938. paepcke continued his own support and in 1939, moholy-nagy opened the school of design. in 1944, the school became the institute of design. earlier in 1939, the institute of design became a part of illinois institute of technology and became the first institution in the united states to offer a phd in design.
below> moholy-nagy on the balcony of the prellerhaus in dessau / 1927 / courtesy of the metropolitan museum of art
[ the chicago design archive and chicago designer steve liska ] liska shares his thoughts with DesignApplause upon discovering his new office was once the home of moholy’s school…
[designapplause] for the past 30 years you have managed to create wonderful office spaces for yourself. your current space may be your best. how did you arrive at this location?
[steve liska] our lease was up, was grumbling about it to a client that just developed the 600 north fairbanks helmut jahn building. he said he had a tenant (the pritzker military library) moving out of his building and i should take a look. it was slightly scary.
[DA] what is your vision of your office spaces? what is your office supposed to do?
[SL] as brand designers- communication is critical. so have always appreciated an open, flexible, collaborative office. our office supports us and gives us a neutral environment to share ideas. and has good coffee.
[DA] what was involved / how did you arrive at the finished presentation of your space?
[SL] the building is almost 100 years old, very solid and concrete loft-like. my friends at gary lee partners helped us plan for all the previous tenant demo- we removed walls, office and lots of strange old equipment. then they helped configure the space, basically made it happen.
[DA] tell us about some back stories to this building.
[SL] it was built almost a 100 years ago as a bakery (the horn and hardart automat company). it has been a us post office, housed hugh hefner’s first playboy office, the chez paree nightclub in the 50s, home to joe sedelmaier, shel silverstein, dingbat’s disco (mr. t!) and of course the school of design. lots of history, stories and a few cool ghosts.
[DA] what did you know and what did you learn about moholy?
[SL] it took a while to learn about the school and moholy-nagy from our new landlord, but once we did- we were fanatics. he actually taught in what is now our space. we have a great old photo of a sculpture class in our office from the late 40s. i have always been a fan of everyone from the bauhaus, but the more i researched moholy-nagy – the more obsessed i became. such a renaissance man.
[DA] tell us about the facade presentation.
[SL] many years ago the building’s owners hired an artist to decorate the front of the building with a huge mural of moses. not sure why moses, but it was quirky and interesting. the building was undergoing surface repair- so moses was going to be painted over. we talked to our landlord about replacing it with something related to moholy-nagy and the school of design. we eventually found a little 2 1/4 inch square photo at moma that we thought was a good evolution from moses. our landlord agreed- they ended up hiring the same artist to paint the mural based on that photo. a year later- the traveling moholy-nagy show was announced.
the best part is watching all the tourists who take photos from across the street. they don’t exactly know what the mural is all about- and that is good.
[DA] is this your final location in a perfect world?
[SL] no that would be costa rica or paris. but for now- this is pretty good.
[DA] as long as we have you, what kind of things are you working on?
[SL] a lot of real estate work, some educational institution branding, and ongoing work for a lot of existing clients. (liska.com)
[DA] i’ve been to your offices many times and we have run into each other pitching work. i don’t recall you wearing anything but a white shirt and tie. and now that you’ve aged a bit you remind me of the design community in the late 60s early 70s. very serious looking. thoughts?
[SL] i’m glad you think i am serious looking. like most things in fashion- it comes back over and over again. i count on that. i do own 2 blue shirts. seriously.
[DA] want to say something we haven’t talked about?
[SL] no, done for now. have to go pick out tomorrow’s tie.
above> liska’s office on 610 north fairbanks today / a mural of moholy over the entrance
the chicago design archive (2002-present), is a permanent and exclusive online record of chicago-related experiential, graphic and product design. the mission statement is simple – to share the best of chicago design. originally hosting only graphic design, experiential and product design work is now being collected. the cda founding board recently added a graphic design advisory and a curatorial board. it goes without saying that this dedicated team feels the burden of preserving and growing the cda, afterall, it’s only chicago’s design heritage. we asked advisor, steve liska, if we could meet at his office. entering his office building we all notice the plaque below. we didn’t know…
below> video trailer of ‘moholy-nagy: future present’ produced by and exhibited in chicago in 2016. other usa venues included the guggenheim, and most recently lacma
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